SYM_METRDUSUD3_SHORTALKS – ka-au

Heavy task that to do the conclusion of this 9th edition, which for the first time was held over two days…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:37:21 +0000

Heavy task that to do the conclusion of this 9th edition, which for the first time was held over two days. In the first place, I would like to tell you how great it was to share with you all these two extremely enriching and varied days, resolutely inscribed in a positive dimension of sharing. Then, to conclude, I would like to repeat the articulation of the panels of yesterday which seem to me to synthesize the content of this symposium.

First of all SHARE, and that is the essential point. At a time when we are talking about new ways of functioning in society where sharing would take place, it seems to me that beyond the sharing of everyday elements, the sharing of knowledge is an essential and privileged time, which we have benefited. Thank you to all members of the KAAU who have given us the opportunity to share our knowledge, experiences and perspectives with them. Special thanks to our four speakers of the day: Sir Peter Cook, Manuel Gausa, Julien Damon, Alain Moatti, and Chris Younes, whom I thank very much for having agreed to offer us this time of sharing. Constructing a debate in architecture, such is the ambition of this symposium, and taking the time necessary to listen, sharing is a luxury that it is imperative to preserve. The sharing is also that of the elders towards the younger ones, and it is a great pleasure to see that this does not require to be in an advanced age. This is a fine undertaking that the Association des Anciens de Métropoles du Sud is demonstrating to us thanks to the support it offers the young graduate. I greet Marion Moustey, its President, and congratulates the new winners of this year, whose impatience we look forward to your return next year.

Then INNOVATE; Yes, innovation has indeed been a thread of debate. Innovation is the introduction of new practices and processes into existing practices. We have all been able, beyond simply observing it, to experience it through the presentations of each one, demonstrating the constant re-interrogation of his own practice. Innovation is also for us in the modalities of teaching. Thus our role is no longer simply to pass on to students the knowledge but to ensure their training by preparing them for the full exercise of their responsibilities as an actor in society. Hence, it is essential to train them to be able to “do with conscience. »Awareness of economic, urban, constructive and environmental issues … Each of your interventions has fully participated in this learning process. On behalf of the teachers, I would like to thank all the students for their involvement throughout this semester in setting up this symposium, to thank them for their professionalism, which they have shown us today. And to tell them that our role and ambition, through the setting up of this symposium, is to offer them the conditions for another learning, and somewhere to “teach them to learn”, to better adapt in a A constantly changing world.

Finally CONNECT. At the time of the massive presence of new communication technologies, we were able to demonstrate that all types of connections were still viable. Physics / virtual / proximity / remote / diverse disciplines … Connecting the elements, establishing the means of a Reliance is a major challenge that we have been able to experience. All, just as connected as we are; It is physically united, coming from different places, professions and horizons, that together we have commonly built a privileged and common time.

Hoping that all and all you have, as much as we enjoy the time of these days. And as only a few students took the stage for the day’s animation, we wanted to end with a collective thanks to all those who worked to make this day possible.

by Elodie Nourrigat

ENSAM

In the last 30-35 years I have observed that there is a kind of academic discussion of architecture which this year is about smart cities…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:35:35 +0000

In the last 30-35 years I have observed that there is a kind of academic discussion of architecture which this year is about smart cities.

Well I think I’m like Archigram. I like to travel a lot. It seems critical to make fun about what’s cynical but probably also in the cure is way more optimistic. We underestimate people ingenuity and as professional architects or professional sociologist or professional of electronic we tend to get into the state of thinking that there are particular channel of advanced or retard is most important when all is quite interesting. It was fascinating listening to mister Damon. I’m fascinated by the way the mind works. I do not pretend to be a sociologist. I think any sociological observations I have are based upon handling thousands of students and being fascinated by him. I think that we underestimate people’s ingenuity may be back in the same issue ingenuity is most available to the elite. They find ways of applying engineered but I think also the you know even some poor beggar on the side of the road in Mumbai or Deli, two towns I have been recently. They do all sorts of weird things to get by the whole issue of parking but managed to keep it cars moving by ingenious rework. I don’t want to say this is the answer but I but I would like the culture and the business interest airport manufacturers and there in the people to take advantage of people’s individual engineer to sign for the concept of the app rather than the basic phone. is as it is a great concept because you need another so many apps that I don’t have many but there’s so many apps now that you got on with my way of life based upon the apps which you choose to acknowledge. The way that you could mail order almost anything you may be able to quite remember the other mail-order house that you can get a mail order everything from pair of underpants to a caravan to a holiday to somebody else’s ship whatever. And that could lead to a much more very warm future on the other hand going through it rather tragic moment. I don’t know what is happening in France and England whereas the survival pattern for the individual shot goes down to see more and more shops that are not being happy. It to let the sale of the business of the closet and then the multiples moving in many other international. The night happens to be Swedish I think that there probably made in Bangladesh and if there are not made in Bangladesh I may than some other place with workers cheaper. Am I not going to go to special little underpants shopping in Amsterdam to pay 10 times the cost but it is common sense. I think that I am also irritated by the fact that with the technology we know when I care starts to do package housing. Very boring done package housing and yet they are happy with the design work if they want to use it may have the marketing which may have the method of manufacture and distribution such as they could amaze package. So it is the business of taking the easy way out I would like to see a citizen of them much more weird adjusting the point where everybody around London doing grey and grey and grey and straight up brown grey brown grey building. I happen to be in gold prices in Chili and it is colored. They have got a bit of modern and metal from Europe but they are colored. It is Chili and Chili is a sophisticated architecture country and somehow to make a jump from the smarty-pants guys in Santiago and which color top riser you have something amazing I think. At the end this is it. It is more enough psychology of resistance to using it. I hope that all the stuff I said including the book. I am scavenger, I am a pirate I don’t think very many things that I don’t come out of my head they might come out of a kind of cooking response were you take the guy that becomes it is thick black prisoner could be interesting. I would like to see what happens if you do sometimes it works taste a bit boring stick to vodka in it in my diary the next morning that you have been suburban diarrhea I think it’s worth it I might point you get this and it.

by Sir Peter Cook

Crab Studio

The news is that new tools and new means of communication are changing our lifestyles…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:34:18 +0000

The news is that new tools and new means of communication are changing our lifestyles. The strong idea is that with the cities of tomorrow we will have more metropolises and metropolises more powerful. So if there is this economic power, this movement of metropolization, and concentration of wealth, individuals and powers, there is also a major issue, in my opinion, that of slums. The city of tomorrow is, of course, joyful metropolization with its share of inequality, but it is also its share of horror for people, who are born first in the shantytowns, Ex-rural, coming from other small towns, which will populate the most degraded areas, even if there is a certain vitality in the great metropolises.

The smart was not born of the spirit of generous, progressive philosophers, nor of public policies that were invented either nationally or locally; But this has been fundamentally invented by companies that sell dreams, services, and obsolescence more or less programmed. I think we should all bear that in mind when we talk about smart. The “smart”, what does that mean? Does this mean intelligent, elegant or chic? Often we translate it by intelligent. The smart city means that there would be a smart city, and one that is not. Cities, as they say, that would not be smart. It is fundamental to say that our city is smart. Behind this, however, there is this great uncertainty, which means that intellectuals can make books and lectures, even quizzes, but there is no perfect determination of what is the perimeter of the smart. The subject of Smart City is the Smart Citizen. First, it must be equipped, have access to, and use of, these facilities and services, understanding and willingness to implement what is behind the policies, The plan of energy intelligence. The great subjects are subjects of individual decision, which are taken; Whether or not they use a particular type of heating, a particular instrument, or a particular service offered to us. All the same, does it make sense to talk about the elegance of cities? Certainly from the architectural and heritage point of view! When we talk about smart, but there are more and more standards, there is concrete, there is mineral, there is everything you want; And then there’s the way people behave, and that’s what counts. What we are told is that we are going through a tremendous revolution that would take us from the period of building and sustaining the city with large infrastructure networks, concrete, asphalt And whatever you like, to cities that would be almost in the clouds, where everything would be digital, where data management could improve our conditions, perhaps transform part of the city, some neighborhoods; And I do not know, personally, whether, truly we have, with the so-called digital revolution, something as important as the electricity revolution. What is true, on the other hand, is that we are at a period when the city is today generally celebrated. France in particular is very “urbanophobic” in its history. It was terrible to live in town. For a part of our philosophical elites today, the city and the smart city are increasingly being erected in solution. But this is not only in France.

by Julien Damon

Sciences Po Paris

I will discuss the exclusive power of places…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:33:14 +0000

I will discuss the exclusive power of places. Architecture is immobile and as such it belongs to only one place, it is the place where it will be erected. And it was on this principle that all the projects were carried. All the quality of the place lies in the relationship that we develop with ourselves. The first element that was the strong beliefs that I had when I started, the symbolic, was that if the imaginary is the projection that one could have each on the real, the symbolic one would make it possible to unite all our imaginary . I thought that architecture, because it is immobile, because it is found again, because it can be returned to it, then it could ensure that symbolic function which is not of great value today, Symbolic functions are usually flouted. The narrative made it possible to connect things and prolong the stories of things rather than to deny them, and finally, one could prolong the history of things by relating an architecture that was totally unique, which was not a pastiche, but Which brought back a true identity instead. At that precise moment we began to approach what was knowledge. The question is the transmission of knowledge in our museum, which is not simply an object exhibition. It goes beyond that, is that how you pass that on? We have developed three ways to access knowledge in this place. The first way around which the project revolved was a kind of cinema, a large auditorium where the user was passive: the story was discovered during a 35-minute film on 5 screens. The second element was a walk. It is a kind of history ring in which we live history in progress and which is a kind of artistic intervention. We have worked here with artists who have told this story. And finally, the third element was what we called the alcoves, and there you could deepen the knowledge. So we used just once again digital and video means, and then for the first time we started to model things. So we were a little actor of the story in progress and it’s a bit like this synergistic way of conveying the story that we wanted to highlight. We began to develop elements where we could digitally and by the choice of this path in the digital, to make its own path of knowledge. There really was a willingness to work that as a place of knowledge and not as a museum. We won the contest of the Eiffel Tower, and this is really the typical object of the useless. The Eiffel Tower, it serves no purpose; It is an empty building, it is a kind of large scale, there is a whole story around it, but precisely because it is useless, it becomes symbolic and becomes present for all. = Reading a lot of text on the Eiffel Tower, and looking at the structure of the project, I realized that the oblique is what had made the invention of the Eiffel Tower. The oblique is what allowed to propel the tower to three hundred meters of the ground; And what Rolland Barthes calls obliquity, that is to say, the force of the oblique with four pillars which rest against one another. We can work today in extremely complex forms, with production costs that are quite reasonable, and which really enable us to achieve an exceptional quality of achievement. So this facade is undulating in order to take exactly the geometries that existed on the tower. As an architect, I do not think we should seek power; Power is not the political collision, but power is something important, and that is what allows us to build. It is this that allows us to regroup to find new ideas and that, finally, power is something that is not always very healthy, which we confront every day. And you do not want to have it; But on the other hand, this power, it actually allows to erect. I think we must have our right position of who we are, and use that power of power that we do not have, but especially that gives us power.

by Alain Moatti

Moatti Riviere

The dictionary that was written more or less in 1998 by a group of people trying to explain what the digital society is to the digital architecture…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:32:10 +0000

The dictionary that was written more or less in 1998 by a group of people trying to explain what the digital society is to the digital architecture. At the end, also, adaptability and flexibility is for example the responsive reactive action of creating more plural and complex scenarios able to combine, innovation, interaction and information. At the end of the 70s and at the end of the 80s corresponds more or less to a reaction with the crisis of planning. That was in fact kind of a situation of crisis in the suburbs from the idea of the metropolitan dream to the idea of a rational organization to an organic organization. All these at the end of the 20 century were demonstrating the difficulties of all disciplines, also the modern disciplines to understand this complex process of cities. Urban uses culture, urbanistic culture, urban official culture try to test three models adapt to the situation. Three models in this area of the 70 to the beginning of 20. The revisionist model more or less in the postmodern period in the 60. The second model is the developistic, or if you want the structuralistic that is not necessary to link with the memory. The big structure is a net, the capacity to structurate the mobility, the structural mobility and a second parallel was materialistic, structuralist, the standards, infrastructures of the metropolitan expansion. The period was more or less economistic, objecstic. It is difficult to manage the situation with the past. This is not very comfortable to link it at the past. Perhaps we can manage the processes of the past, it is the quality of the past. These ideas to collect economics points and urbanism are very link to economy, to urban marketing with big events with the brand, to the branding. The 20ies was another model very official also. The idea of objectual, we can do kind of acupuncture urbanistic and metastasis of quality. The inhabitants are in a more global situation but better criterion actions and link with the digital area. Information, interaction, reactivity, linked with more reactive urban strategies, based, non on objects but on relationships. We are passing from smart cities to the bottom up smart cities to bottom up process and this is the capacity to have interactivity. We are talking about the possibility to talk with the collectivity, participatory, co productivity, elements in capacity to explore elements not only environmental, not only ecological. This is the capacity to manage the immaterial connection, the processes that produce physical statements in the city. The vision, perception, and how to manage this thing are not always physical.

by Manuel Gausa

UNIGE

Our work is to answer your ambitions of modeling an environment and the desire to act and interact in a system…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:30:53 +0000

Our work is to answer your ambitions of modeling an environment and the desire to act and interact in a system and a complex living environment, that is the public space in order to literally give an urban sense. We bring knowledge about the public spaces we want to share online, in order to provide useful solutions for citizens and users of these spaces. We base our thinking and work on Patsy Healey’s book “The Urban Complexity of Spatial Strategies: Relational Planning for Our Times”. In this book she says, “We socially construct interpretations of what is happening, interacting with others. It was this achievement that allowed me to focus on the quality of the interactions through which the planning work is carried out; Including their communicative dimensions. “From this base, we manufacture products for the city. We are well aware that we are not architects, however, we must be able to understand the social interaction they are supposed to generate, with our own means. Without this interaction, public space would make no sense at all. It is the very complex reality of our cities. For us, the element of urban furniture is the connecting element between people, these are objects that make cities on our scale, on an urban scale. After the vegetation, the elements of urban furniture are those most capable of providing a human proportion to the public spaces by appealing to the perception of the citizens, but also to the identity and the collective sense. Public spaces require that an essential activity takes place there, that people leave their homes with the symbolic aim of taking advantage of space, energizing it. So, sometimes, you are not just an individuality, but a part of a common composition; It is about the environment that will be experienced and will have needs. What is going to happen in these spaces is something we have to think upstream. We need functional and comfortable elements for the user. This object has a meaning, an ultimate goal, which is to express the function in a very simple way. We understand the city as a shared territory, a common land where citizens live. The basic policies now tend to reduce the apparent gaps in cities on this subject, because we need to have somewhere to simply communicate and have our social activities. Today we live in a city with 60% efficiency and hyper connection to the internet. That’s why we supply elements of urban furniture with a meticulous economy and a certain elegance. It’s that simple, because the concept of social interaction has just happened. In the 19th and 20th centuries, nighttime was often reduced to a time of inactivity, where daytime activities could not be prolonged and were greatly reduced. Today this gap between nocturnal and diurnal is more and more reduced, and the city tends to come alive in a timeless manner. Nowadays, the city is increasingly insomniac. We see lighting as one of the main tools of urban design in forging new relationships between day and night realities, where technology and creativity are essential to the perception of the richness of the urban space Complex completeness. No matter how long we spend in public spaces, we can do so much, and today it is a necessity, a need, that shapes and modifies spaces. We are helping the city to become more resilient, a more civilized city, with a defined perimeter. Today, new technologies are changing our means and ways of communicating with each other, more quickly and instantly; Therefore the urban elements must be able to adapt to our new society; But I do not think that this solution will last, this behavior tends to collapse, and technology is perhaps today the last; But next week it will be obsolete.

by Africa Sabé

Santa & Cole

Advanced Urbanism…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:29:12 +0000

My role in the KA-AU is to provide advice on training in the field of Advanced Urbanism. Apart from the KA-AU, I’m the director of a group called Think Up, in the same group as Useful Simple Project. It is an agency that trains engineers and designers in the field of design, so I am already working a little in this pedagogy. What I think useful to show you here is a model of this mode of training with engineers, who can give us advice on how to understand reactivity in the field of advanced urban planning. It’s not one of my models, but I’ll explain it to you. It is a model that comes to us from an American-Hungarian psychologist, who is called Mihàly Csikszentmihàlyi. I reassure you, it is not obligatory to know how to say the name, it is written, and here is the model. It is a model that explains creativity as a system; And according to him, creativity can not exist in isolation. One can not have isolated creativity, it is difficult. He says that for all novelty-generating ideas one has to have a context. To have a new idea, one has to ask oneself “is it new compared to what? “. So our dear friend here postulates that there is an element, an area in which ideas are anchored; And he will say that the domain of existing ideas gives context, and at the same time he affirms that all new ideas are existing ideas mixed in a salad bowl; This is not a very technical term, but the picture is fair. So, there must be a strong link between the individual creative, and the context in which it is exercised. The field in which these ideas are exercised is part of a culture, and of course there are many other cultures. When we think of creativity, we must think perpetually about this link between individual and context (domain and culture). At the same time, creativity is always judged by someone; It is always something subjective. There will always be people to say that it is a good idea, and others to say no, it does not. There are always people who value ideas, so always take into account this link with the public who will approve the ideas. It is thanks to them that ideas are inserted, introduced into culture. So it creates a system, it’s good, I’m an engineer and I love systems, so it works for me! This is very useful in my training, because we can work every point, and every element of this system. How is this reinterpreted in advanced town planning? Six points seem to emerge. First connectivity, which allows individualities to be more connected to multiple domains and cultures. We can see on the internet what people are doing, what is in the whole world. Connectivity gives us new perspectives on existing ideas. In a second time, we saw with Luis Falcon, that there are hidden cultures that these new areas reveal to us. We now see the trail, the trajectories of the people in the city, we are able to see where they are walking. We see what they buy, what they value through the photos they take and they publish on social networks. It is a new culture, which we did not see before, but which we have access to now. As an individual, we had other hidden cultures that now appear to us in full view. The third point: the individual to tools to shape creativity and by the same, the city. I was able to participate in a workshop at the IAAC where we were able to see all this incredible technology, and I could experience this process of playing with. Modeling tools generate ideas. This way of using technology causes ideas and this is very useful and even fundamental for students. At the same time, these tools of visualization, virtual reality allow people to understand ideas. Because it is true that sometimes the architects will propose things, but people on the street are likely to not understand. It also happens to me as an engineer. So virtual reality, as explained by Areti Markopoulou, will allow people to understand new ideas, and this helps a fortiori to value ideas. At the same time, connectivity makes it possible for people to see several ideas via the Internet: “Look, in Dubai there is a tower that will turn …” This is a way in which connectivity is going to be the Transmission of ideas. And finally, connectivity helps ideas to be inserted into culture. We’re going to finish the project, put it online, download it, share it with friends, and it’s all over again; The individualities will find the ideas of others, put them in their own “bowl”, mix them, and the system continues. So to conclude, creativity is useful to fit into a system, where every part of the system can work. Technology in advanced urban planning has benefits, and is tied to every element of that system. I think that in this area, we have a rich creativity, which will emerge in advanced urbanism

by Oliver Broadbent

Useful Simple Project

In Atlas is a company which works about data related to our territories…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:27:46 +0000

In Atlas is a company which works about data related to our territories. We create technical applications, softwares to provide certain services to companies, but also to the city councils, with the administrations, in terms of town planning or for economic reasons. We put our work at the service of telecommunications, industries, like for banks, companies of detail, but it is not the focal point of my presentation of today. Today, the point which interests us is the European project with the Universities, and what we will show you is, on the one hand, what we have done for ten years within the company. The idea is to collect the data of a phenomenon that is growing and disturbing, which is the division of the economy, and the directly dependent economy with the division of accumulation; and of another share, how we collaborate, to try to approach a new planning system, of design, which can be allowed to understand and integrate this new urban condition of the digital age, new industrial era in which we are completely immersed today. We are today at the digital age, but is very true that, the industrial era developed several processes which we must understand, to be in capacity to apprehend the current digital age. An American report describes five industrial ages, following one another approximately every fifty years. Several stages emergent of each age; there is the innovation, the disorganization of this innovation, then the development of the business. When there is innovation, there is a conflict with the previous innovation which you know. And it is an event each time, every fifty years. The industrial era is defined like that: there is an innovation, then a rupture of this innovation because of the company growth and the conflict with the previous industrial innovation. There is always an economic conflict and, unfortunately, the new innovation is generally that in relation to new industries. In the Twenties in the Thirties, when the car was invented, at an industrial age; unfortunately, this one did not make it possible to go more quickly than the horses. The new conditions of mobility were nevertheless the cars, and not the horses. That is important, because today, we are at a new age, we are at the digital age. And it is not true that it is not connected! Here, I want tomake understandable to you only one thing: the new way of regulating the digital age; where the age of the Internet is responsible, and generator of basic models. Front, we were able to have a security, a warranty and a regulation on the law, to be able to have, for example, a building permit to construct a house. Now, we are in a completely different age, where we let people make, see whether that it goes. Now we make tests, we sell them, we observe if people buy, we launch the production; then we make the laws. The things change radically. Today, we propose models, bases, we let people innovate, that created of the innovations, that works. That means that we regulate thereafter, later. I can appear a little radical and very hard, but we have nowadays, of the governments or the institutions which have million inhabitants. I speak here about Google, Facebook, but I also speak about AirBnB or many other platforms which function with their own rules. Thus, is the question to know how to stop them? The policies influence the city planning, our way of being and of acting; and it is exactly the point which I put here forward: that thus affects the reality of town planning.

by Luis Falcon

In Atlas

If you try to find on Google the theme of Smart City, you find on the first image a city that don’t exist…

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:25:20 +0000

If you try to find on Google the theme of Smart City, you find on the first image a city that don’t exist. The city that is similar to an idea of american city, but is not an american city, is a collection of the singular information, singular part of a big scheme: solar panel, offshore wind farm. For the policy on a regulation, the energies having seen the low current solution, the urban mobility. This is strategies for the city more me up for the problems that we have with the heritage in the city. That we have in Europe but don’t keep ours the dear how can use technology we have for built news cities. If we take, for example a society that make sensor, for them the cities are sensors, the news city are sensors, but sensor is all fantastic things, you can select, you can do things with the other things, you can have information and all together the same, don’t give an idea to how build the new city or how convert the city, how make this upgrade. It is the problem now, we have the technology, we have the data but we don’t know how to combine really these data and these information to process, in our method. In the law of the European Country these idea this is not only the solution, is not so clear. For the pollution sometimes, did you I put a sensorial of data pinching something is just good for see that, this, is smart, the building is smart, the city is smart. The possibility to know where we are each time, what can do this place, back make more connection with the selection with the possibility to build a new data, and select a new data. Other possibility is to make a research to be connected, be selected is changing all the typology of user, of the interface, of the data, and the things that are around us. We can build a new culture map of the Europe, a new culture map of our city, and new typology of selection with the personal selection this is a case for a museum in the place where Anne Frank in Amsterdam, but in the same case we can be our map, of our Europe, of our city our space that use. The city of tomorrow is a city where the smart city is not only smart; is sustainable, is mobility, is new food, is new quality, is the space where we are. And at the end, it is the idea that we can connect things, I would say, we can connect with people, we can connect with our information, we can connect with our products. Manuel Gausa invented the word of «resiligence», it is a combination between resilience and intelligence ; when intelligence is not only new technology but is new approach, is new possibility to comprise our territory. In general we study in the program how the city is possible find a new possibility of be «resiligence», in water ecosystem project, in the land use different, in process based in land, a social intelligence

by Nicola Canessa

UNIGE

Lets put the city in preamble, in its obviousness, and in a broader way, the cities..

Marite Guevara — Tue, 05 Sep 2017 08:23:03 +0000

Lets put the city in preamble, in its obviousness, and in a broader way, the cities. It was seen over the years, and while exchanging within this European alliance, that the twentieth century manufactured the change of the global population, i.e. the city became the place of living of the twentieth century; and it twenty-first century is irremediably engaged in this way, with prospects which remain impressive all the same. In 2050, two thirds of the world population will live in the cities. Becoming architects is a much wider task today than it was five years ago. The operational perimeter, the periphery of our intervention is much vaster. From a universal point of view, the project is finally to envisage: to envisage the uses, to envisage the changes, to envisage the evolution, to envisage degradation. It is necessary to envisage what is not foreseeable and that thus becomes very complicated. The governance is a pregnant subject, the systems of governances, and how they are in capacity to adapt to these changes. We evoked the fact that the processes become horizontal, in the developments more and more compared to the citizens, much less vertical. The governance must be able to adapt, locally but also with global scale: it is necessary to manufacture world governances even if that remains rather complicated. Collectively, our statutes evolve, and in the world globalized with globalized challenges, the posture and the statute of the names of architecture are obliged to leave its ignorance. It has to approach a new amplitude. There are governances citizens, governances of districts, therefore it is necessary to be able to manage all that. On a worldwide scale, there are all the COP, the “Conferences of Parties”, which were made, we must be about it with twenty-three seems to me it, one sees well that these COP concentrate on the climatic challenges, whereas the COP are in theory on the total challenges. Jean Nouvel had stated in manifesto of Louisiana which the future of architecture is not architectural, but it must leave its own history. How collectively are we able to move? Indeed we have qualities which it is necessary to share. We see that problems should be faced, because there is an effect of excitation around the city. That represents two thirds of the population, but there nevertheless remains a third which is not in the city. The aspiration of the inhabitants citizens is not adapted at all to the city. The citizens always have model of a rather rural and somewhat antiquated habitat. We must nevertheless face these challenges because it is established that the city is the future place of the world development with inhabitant. How to design the needed links? How can one rebuild a coherent territory collectively?

by Guillaume Girod

ENSAM